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Xuan paper, also known as rice paper, is a distinguished representative among traditional handmade paper products in China. Originating from Jing County in Anhui Province, Xuan paper is crafted using a meticulous process that involves raw material processing, pulping, sheet forming, sun-drying, and cutting. It primarily utilizes the bark of Qingtan trees and straw from paddy fields in the local and surrounding areas. Renowned for its superb ink absorption and durability, Xuan paper serves as an excellent medium for traditional arts such as painting, calligraphy, mounting, and watermarking.
Craftsmen often say, "The essence of making Xuan paper lies in the raw materials." The process starts with the laborious task of preparing the raw materials, which is the longest phase of the 108-step traditional production process. It involves extracting and refining the fibers from the bark of Qingtan trees, renowned for their robust fibers and high yield. The unique characteristics of Qingtan bark, such as its large cell cavities and strong adsorption properties, contribute significantly to the exceptional ink retention of Xuan paper.
In 2006, the art of Xuan paper production was officially recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage of China by the State Council. Subsequently, in 2009, it was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. As of December 2021, there are over 5000 practitioners and inheritors actively engaged in the preservation and promotion of this ancient craft in Jing County and its environs.
Materials: Qingtan tree bark Straw from paddy fields
The intricate process involves numerous stages such as:
- Bark processing and pulping
- Sheet forming and drying
- Cutting and finishing
The production cycle typically spans nearly 300 days from start to finish, highlighting the dedication and craftsmanship involved in creating each sheet of Xuan paper. Through its rich history and meticulous craftsmanship, Xuan paper continues to be cherished as a cultural treasure, embodying the elegance and artistic essence of traditional Chinese craftsmanship.
